- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- RISKS
- DESCRIPTION
- MULTI-SLAVE HIERARCHY
- MASTER AND SLAVE STATUS
- OPTIONS
- DSN OPTIONS
- DOWNLOADING
- ENVIRONMENT
- SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
- BUGS
- COPYRIGHT, LICENSE AND WARRANTY
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- ABOUT MAATKIT
- VERSION
Maatkit has become part of Percona Toolkit, and there will be no further development or releases of Maatkit separately from Percona Toolkit.
mk-heartbeat - Monitor MySQL replication delay.
Usage: mk-heartbeat [OPTION...] [DSN] --update|--monitor|--check|--stop
mk-heartbeat measures replication lag on a MySQL or PostgreSQL server. You can use it to update a master or monitor a replica. If possible, MySQL connection options are read from your .my.cnf file.
Start daemonized process to update test.heartbeat table on master:
mk-heartbeat -D test --update -h master-server --daemonize
Monitor replication lag on slave:
mk-heartbeat -D test --monitor -h slave-server
mk-heartbeat -D test --monitor -h slave-server --dbi-driver Pg
Check slave lag once and exit (using optional DSN to specify slave host):
mk-heartbeat -D test --check h=slave-server
The following section is included to inform users about the potential risks, whether known or unknown, of using this tool. The two main categories of risks are those created by the nature of the tool (e.g. read-only tools vs. read-write tools) and those created by bugs.
mk-heartbeat merely reads and writes a single record in a table. It should be very low-risk.
At the time of this release, we know of no bugs that could cause serious harm to users.
The authoritative source for updated information is always the online issue tracking system. Issues that affect this tool will be marked as such. You can see a list of such issues at the following URL: http://www.maatkit.org/bugs/mk-heartbeat.
See also BUGS for more information on filing bugs and getting help.
mk-heartbeat is a two-part MySQL and PostgreSQL replication delay monitoring
system that measures delay by looking at actual replicated data. This
avoids reliance on the replication mechanism itself, which is unreliable. (For
example, SHOW SLAVE STATUS on MySQL).
The first part is an --update instance of mk-heartbeat that connects to a master and updates a timestamp ("heartbeat record") every --interval seconds. Since the heartbeat table may contain records from multiple masters (see MULTI-SLAVE HIERARCHY), the server's ID (@@server_id) is used to identify records.
The second part is a --monitor or --check instance of mk-heartbeat that connects to a slave, examines the replicated heartbeat record from its immediate master or the specified --master-server-id, and computes the difference from the current system time. If replication between the slave and the master is delayed or broken, the computed difference will be greater than zero and potentially increase if --monitor is specified.
You must either manually create the heartbeat table on the master or use
--create-table. See --create-table for the proper heartbeat
table structure. The MEMORY storage engine is suggested, but not
required of course, for MySQL.
The heartbeat table must contain a heartbeat row. By default, a heartbeat row is inserted if it doesn't exist. This feature can be disabled with the --[no]insert-heartbeat-row option in case the database user does not have INSERT privileges.
mk-heartbeat depends only on the heartbeat record being replicated to the slave, so it works regardless of the replication mechanism (built-in replication, a system such as Continuent Tungsten, etc). It works at any depth in the replication hierarchy; for example, it will reliably report how far a slave lags its master's master's master. And if replication is stopped, it will continue to work and report (accurately!) that the slave is falling further and further behind the master.
mk-heartbeat has a maximum resolution of 0.01 second. The clocks on the master and slave servers must be closely synchronized via NTP. By default, --update checks happen on the edge of the second (e.g. 00:01) and --monitor checks happen halfway between seconds (e.g. 00:01.5). As long as the servers' clocks are closely synchronized and replication events are propagating in less than half a second, mk-heartbeat will report zero seconds of delay.
mk-heartbeat will try to reconnect if the connection has an error, but will not retry if it can't get a connection when it first starts.
The --dbi-driver option lets you use mk-heartbeat to monitor PostgreSQL as well. It is reported to work well with Slony-1 replication.
If the replication hierarchy has multiple slaves which are masters of
other slaves, like "master -> slave1 -> slave2", --update instances
can be ran on the slaves as well as the master. The default heartbeat
table (see --create-table) is keyed on the server_id column, so
each server will update the row where server_id=@@server_id.
For --monitor and --check, if --master-server-id is not specified, the tool tries to discover and use the slave's immediate master. If this fails, or if you want monitor lag from another master, then you can specify the --master-server-id to use.
For example, if the replication hierarchy is "master -> slave1 -> slave2" with corresponding server IDs 1, 2 and 3, you can:
mk-heartbeat --daemonize -D test --update -h master mk-heartbeat --daemonize -D test --update -h slave1
Then check (or monitor) the replication delay from master to slave2:
mk-heartbeat -D test --master-server-id 1 --check slave2
Or check the replication delay from slave1 to slave2:
mk-heartbeat -D test --master-server-id 2 --check slave2
Stopping the --update instance one slave1 will not affect the instance on master.
The default heartbeat table (see --create-table) has columns for saving
information from SHOW MASTER STATUS and SHOW SLAVE STATUS. These
columns are optional. If any are present, their corresponding information
will be saved.
Specify at least one of --stop, --update, --monitor, or --check.
--update, --monitor, and --check are mutually exclusive.
--daemonize and --check are mutually exclusive.
This tool accepts additional command-line arguments. Refer to the SYNOPSIS and usage information for details.
Prompt for a password when connecting to MySQL.
short form: -A; type: string
Default character set. If the value is utf8, sets Perl's binmode on STDOUT to utf8, passes the mysql_enable_utf8 option to DBD::mysql, and runs SET NAMES UTF8 after connecting to MySQL. Any other value sets binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs SET NAMES after connecting to MySQL.
Check slave delay once and exit. If you also specify --recurse, the tool will try to discover slave's of the given slave and check and print their lag, too. The hostname or IP and port for each slave is printed before its delay. --recurse only works with MySQL.
type: Array
Read this comma-separated list of config files; if specified, this must be the first option on the command line.
Create the heartbeat --table if it does not exist.
This option causes the table specified by --database and --table to be created with the following MAGIC_create_heartbeat table definition:
CREATE TABLE heartbeat (
ts varchar(26) NOT NULL,
server_id int unsigned NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
file varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, -- SHOW MASTER STATUS
position bigint unsigned DEFAULT NULL, -- SHOW MASTER STATUS
relay_master_log_file varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, -- SHOW SLAVE STATUS
exec_master_log_pos bigint unsigned DEFAULT NULL -- SHOW SLAVE STATUS
);
The heartbeat table requires at least one row. If you manually create the heartbeat table, then you must insert a row by doing:
INSERT INTO heartbeat (ts, server_id) VALUES (NOW(), N);
where N is the server's ID; do not use @@server_id because it will replicate
and slaves will insert their own server ID instead of the master's server ID.
This is done automatically by --create-table.
A legacy version of the heartbeat table is still supported:
CREATE TABLE heartbeat (
id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
ts datetime NOT NULL
);
Legacy tables do not support --update instances on each slave of a multi-slave hierarchy like "master -> slave1 -> slave2". To manually insert the one required row into a legacy table:
INSERT INTO heartbeat (id, ts) VALUES (1, NOW());
The tool automatically detects if the heartbeat table is legacy.
See also MULTI-SLAVE HIERARCHY.
Fork to the background and detach from the shell. POSIX operating systems only.
short form: -D; type: string
The database to use for the connection.
default: mysql; type: string
Specify a driver for the connection; mysql and Pg are supported.
short form: -F; type: string
Only read mysql options from the given file. You must give an absolute pathname.
type: string
Print latest --monitor output to this file.
When --monitor is given, prints output to the specified file instead of to STDOUT. The file is opened, truncated, and closed every interval, so it will only contain the most recent statistics. Useful when --daemonize is given.
type: string; default: 1m,5m,15m
Timeframes for averages.
Specifies the timeframes over which to calculate moving averages when --monitor is given. Specify as a comma-separated list of numbers with suffixes. The suffix can be s for seconds, m for minutes, h for hours, or d for days. The size of the largest frame determines the maximum memory usage, as up to the specified number of per-second samples are kept in memory to calculate the averages. You can specify as many timeframes as you like.
Show help and exit.
short form: -h; type: string
Connect to host.
default: yes
Insert a heartbeat row in the --table if one doesn't exist.
The heartbeat --table requires a heartbeat row, else there's nothing
to --update, --monitor, or --check! By default, the tool will
insert a heartbeat row if one is not already present. You can disable this
feature by specifying --no-insert-heartbeat-row in case the database user
does not have INSERT privileges.
type: float; default: 1.0
How often to update or check the heartbeat --table. Updates and checks begin on the first whole second then repeat every --interval seconds for --update and every --interval plus --skew seconds for --monitor.
For example, if at 00:00.4 an --update instance is started at 0.5 second intervals, the first update happens at 00:01.0, the next at 00:01.5, etc. If at 00:10.7 a --monitor instance is started at 0.05 second intervals with the default 0.5 second --skew, then the first check happens at 00:11.5 (00:11.0 + 0.5) which will be --skew seconds after the last update which, because the instances are checking at synchronized intervals, happened at 00:11.0.
The tool waits for and begins on the first whole second just to make the interval calculations simpler. Therefore, the tool could wait up to 1 second before updating or checking.
The minimum (fastest) interval is 0.01, and the maximum precision is two decimal places, so 0.015 will be rounded to 0.02.
If a legacy heartbeat table (see --create-table) is used, then the
maximum precision is 1s because the ts column is type datetime.
type: string
Print all output to this file when daemonized.
type: string
Calculate delay from this master server ID for --monitor or --check. If not given, mk-heartbeat attempts to connect to the server's master and determine its server id.
Monitor slave delay continuously.
Specifies that mk-heartbeat should check the slave's delay every second and report to STDOUT (or if --file is given, to the file instead). The output is the current delay followed by moving averages over the timeframe given in --frames. For example,
5s [ 0.25s, 0.05s, 0.02s ]
short form: -p; type: string
Password to use when connecting.
type: string
Create the given PID file when daemonized. The file contains the process ID of the daemonized instance. The PID file is removed when the daemonized instance exits. The program checks for the existence of the PID file when starting; if it exists and the process with the matching PID exists, the program exits.
short form: -P; type: int
Port number to use for connection.
Print the auto-detected or given --master-server-id. If --check or --monitor is specified, specifying this option will print the auto-detected or given --master-server-id at the end of each line.
type: int
Check slaves recursively to this depth in --check mode.
Try to discover slave servers recursively, to the specified depth. After discovering servers, run the check on each one of them and print the hostname (if possible), followed by the slave delay.
This currently works only with MySQL. See --recursion-method.
type: string
Preferred recursion method used to find slaves.
Possible methods are:
METHOD USES =========== ================ processlist SHOW PROCESSLIST hosts SHOW SLAVE HOSTS
The processlist method is preferred because SHOW SLAVE HOSTS is not reliable. However, the hosts method is required if the server uses a non-standard port (not 3306). Usually mk-heartbeat does the right thing and finds the slaves, but you may give a preferred method and it will be used first. If it doesn't find any slaves, the other methods will be tried.
Use REPLACE instead of UPDATE for --update.
When running in --update mode, use REPLACE instead of UPDATE to set
the heartbeat table's timestamp. The REPLACE statement is a MySQL extension
to SQL. This option is useful when you don't know whether the table contains
any rows or not. It must be used in conjunction with --update.
type: time
Time to run before exiting.
type: string; default: /tmp/mk-heartbeat-sentinel
Exit if this file exists.
type: string; default: wait_timeout=10000
Set these MySQL variables. Immediately after connecting to MySQL, this string will be appended to SET and executed.
type: float; default: 0.5
How long to delay checks.
The default is to delay checks one half second. Since the update happens as
soon as possible after the beginning of the second on the master, this allows
one half second of replication delay before reporting that the slave lags the
master by one second. If your clocks are not completely accurate or there is
some other reason you'd like to delay the slave more or less, you can tweak this
value. Try setting the MKDEBUG environment variable to see the effect this
has.
short form: -S; type: string
Socket file to use for connection.
Stop running instances by creating the sentinel file.
This should have the effect of stopping all running
instances which are watching the same sentinel file. If none of
--update, --monitor or --check is specified, mk-heartbeat
will exit after creating the file. If one of these is specified,
mk-heartbeat will wait the interval given by --interval, then remove
the file and continue working.
You might find this handy to stop cron jobs gracefully if necessary, or to
replace one running instance with another. For example, if you want to stop
and restart mk-heartbeat every hour (just to make sure that it is restarted
every hour, in case of a server crash or some other problem), you could use a
crontab line like this:
0 * * * * mk-heartbeat --update -D test --stop \ --sentinel /tmp/mk-heartbeat-hourly
The non-default --sentinel will make sure the hourly cron job stops
only instances previously started with the same options (that is, from the
same cron job).
See also --sentinel.
type: string; default: heartbeat
The table to use for the heartbeat.
Don't specify database.table; use --database to specify the database.
See --create-table.
Update a master's heartbeat.
short form: -u; type: string
User for login if not current user.
Show version and exit.
These DSN options are used to create a DSN. Each option is given like
option=value. The options are case-sensitive, so P and p are not the
same option. There cannot be whitespace before or after the = and
if the value contains whitespace it must be quoted. DSN options are
comma-separated. See the maatkit manpage for full details.
dsn: charset; copy: yes
Default character set.
dsn: database; copy: yes
Default database.
dsn: mysql_read_default_file; copy: yes
Only read default options from the given file
dsn: host; copy: yes
Connect to host.
dsn: password; copy: yes
Password to use when connecting.
dsn: port; copy: yes
Port number to use for connection.
dsn: mysql_socket; copy: yes
Socket file to use for connection.
dsn: user; copy: yes
User for login if not current user.
You can download Maatkit from Google Code at http://code.google.com/p/maatkit/, or you can get any of the tools easily with a command like the following:
wget http://www.maatkit.org/get/toolname or wget http://www.maatkit.org/trunk/toolname
Where toolname can be replaced with the name (or fragment of a name) of any
of the Maatkit tools. Once downloaded, they're ready to run; no installation is
needed. The first URL gets the latest released version of the tool, and the
second gets the latest trunk code from Subversion.
The environment variable MKDEBUG enables verbose debugging output in all of the
Maatkit tools:
MKDEBUG=1 mk-....
You need Perl, DBI, DBD::mysql, and some core packages that ought to be installed in any reasonably new version of Perl.
For a list of known bugs see http://www.maatkit.org/bugs/mk-heartbeat.
Please use Google Code Issues and Groups to report bugs or request support: http://code.google.com/p/maatkit/. You can also join #maatkit on Freenode to discuss Maatkit.
Please include the complete command-line used to reproduce the problem you are
seeing, the version of all MySQL servers involved, the complete output of the
tool when run with --version, and if possible, debugging output produced by
running with the MKDEBUG=1 environment variable.
This program is copyright 2007-2011 Percona Inc. and copyright 2006 Proven Scaling LLC and Six Apart Ltd. Feedback and improvements are welcome.
THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License. On UNIX and similar systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these licenses.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
See also mk-slave-delay and mk-slave-restart.
Proven Scaling LLC, SixApart Ltd, and Baron Schwartz
This tool is part of Maatkit, a toolkit for power users of MySQL. Maatkit was created by Baron Schwartz; Baron and Daniel Nichter are the primary code contributors. Both are employed by Percona. Financial support for Maatkit development is primarily provided by Percona and its clients.
This manual page documents Ver 1.0.23 Distrib 7540 $Revision: 7537 $.